Matter terms dominate: If the Universe contains enough mass to counteract its expansion and there is no dark energy, it will eventually collapse.If the density is equal to the critical density, then the universe has. The density of matter and energy in the universe determines whether the universe is open, closed, or flat. Note that the same stroke leads to opposite swimming direction in the positively and negatively curved spaces. The swimmer in the Demonstration uses only internal forces, but can still move by changing and, and then reversing the changes. Mass also has an effect on the overall geometry of the universe. This is analogous to a cat turning without changing its angular momentum and landing on its feet. The massive vector field equations in static spacetimes. Closed universe (top), open universe (middle), and flat universe (bottom). If there is no dark energy, the Universe will continue to expand, but increasingly slowly. Spaces of positive and negative frequency solutions of field equations in curved spacetimes. This is known as the closed model, with positive. Critical Universe: We have already discussed the case of a critical Universe, where the expansion and density terms are equal, \(\Omega = 1\), and space overall is not curved. If the universe's density is great enough for its gravity to overcome the force of expansion, then the universe will curl into a ball. ![]() One of the major efforts in cosmology over the past several decades has been to determine the value of \(\Omega\).įrom the Friedmann equation, we can see that the interplay of the expansion of the Universe, density, and curvature lead to several possibilities for the fate of the Universe, depending on which term in the equation dominates:
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